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Form and Function: Understanding the Dual Nature of Language

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The philosophical exploration of form and function offers a powerful lens through which we can examine not only everyday objects but also abstract systems like language. From the example of a chair, we learn that form refers to the physical structure or appearance, while function relates to its purpose—sitting, regardless of how the chair looks. This concept extends naturally to other items like eggs, bananas, and even human beings, where the question of essence arises: is it the outward form or the inner function that truly defines something? In nature, form and function are deeply interconnected. Biological structures often serve specific survival functions, as seen in the long neck of a giraffe, which allows it to reach high foliage. This reflects the idea that “form follows function,” meaning that the shape or design of a biological trait is often determined by the role it plays in the organism’s life. Understanding this relationship helps us appreciate the efficiency and purposef...
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Personal Views on Language Law and a Call to Use Indonesian: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Perspective

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  Language is one of the most powerful tools possessed by humans. It allows us not only to communicate but also to express identity, culture, and the values we uphold. For Indonesians, Bahasa Indonesia is more than a tool for daily interaction—it is a unifying symbol that connects diverse ethnic, cultural, and regional backgrounds under one national identity. The establishment of a language law, such as Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 2009, reflects the seriousness with which our country views the role of language. Personally, I believe that the existence of this language law is vital in safeguarding the dignity and function of Bahasa Indonesia as the official language of the Republic of Indonesia. The language law plays a strategic role in standardizing the use of Bahasa Indonesia in various domains, especially in government administration, education, legal affairs, and mass media. Without clear regulation, the function of Bahasa Indonesia could be weakened by the uncontrolled use of f...
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The Concept of Language

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1.      What are the common concepts about language that you can find in the definitions given? ·        A System – Language is described as a structured system, whether it consists of spoken sounds, written symbols, or signs. ·        Arbitrariness – Many definitions emphasize that language is arbitrary, meaning there is no inherent connection between words and their meanings. ·        Human Communication – Language is primarily seen as a tool for communication among human beings. ·        Expression of Thought and Emotion – Language allows humans to express ideas, thoughts, desires, and emotions. ·        Social and Cultural Aspect – Language exists within a social group or speech community, enabling cooperation and cultural expression. ·        Speech and Sound-Based – Many d...
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"Summary Books EFL Teaching Methodology | Chapter 14 : Community Language Learning (CLL)"

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Community Language Learning (CLL), developed by Charles A. Curran, is a humanistic approach to language teaching that focuses on emotional and social aspects of learning. It is deeply influenced by Carl Rogers' concept of "Counseling Learning" and prioritizes creating a supportive and collaborative environment for learners. Principles of CLL Humanistic Approach : CLL values learners as whole individuals with unique emotional and psychological needs. The teacher acts as a facilitator, creating a nurturing space for learning. Interpersonal Relationships : Building strong relationships between learners and teachers is crucial. This approach fosters a supportive community where students can express themselves freely. Empathy and Understanding : Teachers demonstrate empathy to create trust, encouraging students to participate without fear of judgment. Learner Autonomy : CLL promotes active learner involvement in setting their learning goals and paths, encouraging them to take ...
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"Summary Books EFL Teaching Methodology | Chapter 13 : Cooperative Language Learning (CLL)"

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Cooperative Language Learning (CLL) is a learner-centered teaching approach that emphasizes collaboration, interaction, and mutual support among students to achieve language learning goals. Below is a detailed summary of the principles, objectives, advantages, disadvantages, and teaching steps of CLL. Principles of CLL Collaboration : Students work in small groups or pairs, engaging in cooperative tasks that promote interaction and teamwork. Inclusivity : CLL creates an inclusive learning environment where students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds can collaborate effectively. Engagement : Activities are designed to actively involve students, fostering meaningful language use and communication. Shared Responsibility : Both individual and group success depend on active participation and shared contributions. Authenticity : Tasks are often based on real-world scenarios, encouraging learners to use the language in meaningful contexts. Active Learning : Students take ownersh...
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"Summary Books EFL Teaching Methodology | Chapter 12 : Silent Way"

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The Silent Way , developed by Caleb Gattegno in the 1960s, is an innovative approach to language teaching that prioritizes learner autonomy, active participation, and self-discovery. It uses silence as a tool to shift the focus from the teacher to the learner, encouraging students to take responsibility for their language learning. Below is a detailed summary: Principles of the Silent Way Subordination of Teaching to Learning : Teaching supports the learner’s process without dominating it. The teacher acts as a guide rather than a direct instructor. Active Learning : Learning is seen as an active process where students engage with the material, constructing their knowledge through exploration. Problem-Solving Focus : Language acquisition involves resolving challenges, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Strategic Use of Silence : Teachers minimize verbal instructions, allowing learners to think, process, and experiment with language. Silence helps learners develop s...
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"Summary Books EFL Teaching Methodology | Chapter 11 : Discovery Learning Approach (DLA)"

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The Discovery Learning Approach (DLA) , introduced by Jerome Bruner (1961), emphasizes active engagement and inquiry-based instruction. Rooted in constructivist learning theory, this method encourages students to explore, discover, and make their own connections, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Below is a detailed summary of the chapter: Principles and Objectives of Discovery Learning Discovery Learning focuses on student-centered learning where learners take an active role in constructing knowledge. Key principles and objectives include: Active Engagement : Learners actively participate in the learning process by exploring and manipulating concepts rather than passively receiving information. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving : The approach develops critical thinking by requiring students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information to solve problems effectively. Self-Directed Learning : Students independently discover concepts and form connections, pr...
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