Nurropiul Hayati

Community Language Learning (CLL), developed by Charles A. Curran, is a humanistic approach to language teaching that focuses on emotional and social aspects of learning. It is deeply influenced by Carl Rogers' concept of "Counseling Learning" and prioritizes creating a supportive and collaborative environment for learners. Principles of CLL Humanistic Approach : CLL values learners as whole individuals with unique emotional and psychological needs. The teacher acts as a facilitator, creating a nurturing space for learning. Interpersonal Relationships : Building strong relationships between learners and teachers is crucial. This approach fosters a supportive community where students can express themselves freely. Empathy and Understanding : Teachers demonstrate empathy to create trust, encouraging students to participate without fear of judgment. Learner Autonomy : CLL promotes active learner involvement in setting their learning goals and paths, encouraging them to take ...

Cooperative Language Learning (CLL) is a learner-centered teaching approach that emphasizes collaboration, interaction, and mutual support among students to achieve language learning goals. Below is a detailed summary of the principles, objectives, advantages, disadvantages, and teaching steps of CLL. Principles of CLL Collaboration : Students work in small groups or pairs, engaging in cooperative tasks that promote interaction and teamwork. Inclusivity : CLL creates an inclusive learning environment where students from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds can collaborate effectively. Engagement : Activities are designed to actively involve students, fostering meaningful language use and communication. Shared Responsibility : Both individual and group success depend on active participation and shared contributions. Authenticity : Tasks are often based on real-world scenarios, encouraging learners to use the language in meaningful contexts. Active Learning : Students take ownersh...

The Silent Way , developed by Caleb Gattegno in the 1960s, is an innovative approach to language teaching that prioritizes learner autonomy, active participation, and self-discovery. It uses silence as a tool to shift the focus from the teacher to the learner, encouraging students to take responsibility for their language learning. Below is a detailed summary: Principles of the Silent Way Subordination of Teaching to Learning : Teaching supports the learner’s process without dominating it. The teacher acts as a guide rather than a direct instructor. Active Learning : Learning is seen as an active process where students engage with the material, constructing their knowledge through exploration. Problem-Solving Focus : Language acquisition involves resolving challenges, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Strategic Use of Silence : Teachers minimize verbal instructions, allowing learners to think, process, and experiment with language. Silence helps learners develop s...

The Discovery Learning Approach (DLA) , introduced by Jerome Bruner (1961), emphasizes active engagement and inquiry-based instruction. Rooted in constructivist learning theory, this method encourages students to explore, discover, and make their own connections, fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Below is a detailed summary of the chapter: Principles and Objectives of Discovery Learning Discovery Learning focuses on student-centered learning where learners take an active role in constructing knowledge. Key principles and objectives include: Active Engagement : Learners actively participate in the learning process by exploring and manipulating concepts rather than passively receiving information. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving : The approach develops critical thinking by requiring students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information to solve problems effectively. Self-Directed Learning : Students independently discover concepts and form connections, pr...

  TBLT is a communicative approach to language teaching that emphasizes the use of authentic tasks to encourage meaningful communication in the target language. Unlike traditional methods that center on grammatical instruction, TBLT focuses on developing learners’ ability to use the language through real-world tasks, fostering both fluency and accuracy. Principles of TBLT The fundamental principles of TBLT reflect its learner-centered and communicative orientation: Task-Centered Instruction : Learning revolves around tasks that mimic real-life activities. Tasks can include problem-solving, decision-making, or planning activities that require authentic language use. Emphasis on Meaning : Communication and meaning take precedence over form. Learners are encouraged to use language as a tool to convey ideas and achieve task-related goals. Authenticity : Tasks reflect genuine, practical scenarios that learners are likely to encounter outside the classroom, such as making reservations, g...